Picture taken by Mary O'Malley at Tahiti. Image obtained from http://www.sharksavers.org/en/blogs-news/community-voice/the-social-life-of-sharks/ [i] |
Simplified food web depicting the position of reef sharks in a coral reef ecosystem. All images were obtained from Wikimedia commons. |
Recorded sightings of blacktip reef sharks over the years [ii] - [vi] |
Comparison between a blacktip reef shark and a blacktip oceanic shark. Images obtained from Wikimedia commons. |
Image from FAO Identification Guide [vii] |
Image obtained from http://www.ryanphotographic.com/carcharhinidae.htm [viii]. Labels manually inserted. |
Presence or absence of claspers on ventral portions of male (left) and female (right) sharks. Image taken by Jennifer Goldner, NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Image hosted at http://teacheratsea.wordpress.com/ [ix]. Labels manually inserted. |
Distribution maps of corals (top) and blacktip reef shark sightings (above) [x] |
Distance-Wagner tree obtained from Naylor (1992) [xiii]. The tree indicates that Carcharhinus is a monophyletic group, and places P. glauca in a sister clade. It was constructed according to the Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards chord distance. Hemigaleus microstoma and H. macrostoma were designated as a combined out-group. The analysis sampled tissue from 37 different species, and assayed for 17 gene loci which were subsequently used as character states. |
Taxonavigation to Carcharhinus taxon level |
Click on image to view full record at Biodiversity Heritage Library. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ [xiv] |
[i] |
Mary O'Malley. http://www.sharksavers.org/en/blogs-news/community-voice/the-social-life-of-sharks/ |
[ii] |
Karenne PP Tun. http://www.coralreef.nus.edu.sg/map.htm |
[iii] |
http://www.pulauhantu.org/ |
[iv] |
James K. http://sgn090608.blogspot.sg/ |
[v] |
Ron Yeo. http://tidechaser.blogspot.sg/2010/05/blacktip-reef-sharks-trapped-in-drift.html |
[vi] |
Ria Tan. http://www.wildsingapore.com/ |
[vii] |
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, (2005), Fabrizio Serena, "Field identification guide to the sharks and rays of the Mediterranean and Black Sea", http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y5945e/y5945e00.htm |
[viii] |
http://www.ryanphotographic.com/carcharhinidae.htm |
[ix] |
Jennifer Goldner, NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). http://teacheratsea.wordpress.com/tag/atlantic-sharpnose-shark/ |
[x] |
http://iobis.org/mapper/?taxon=Carcharhinus%20melanopterus |
[xi] |
http://www.underseaproductions.com/stock-footage/ |
[xii] |
http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-shows/shark-week/videos/shark-mating.htm |
[xiii] |
Naylor, G.J.P. (1992). "The phylogenetic relationships among requiem and hammerhead sharks: inferring phylogeny when thousands of equally most parsimonious trees result". Cladistics - the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society, 8(4): 295-318. Image obtained from pg 300. |
[xiv] |
Garrick, J.A.F. (1962) "Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816 (class Chondrichthyes, order Selachii); proposed designation of Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard as type-species under the plenary powers". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 19: 100-102. Contributed by "Natural History Museum Library, London". Record found at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44461#page/7/mode/1up |